EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Workshop March 10th - 11th, 2011
Fracture Design in Horizontal Shale Wells Data Gathering to Implementation Tim Beard Sr. Engineering Advisor - Completions Chesapeake Energy Corporation 6100 N. Western Avenue Oklahoma City, OK 76118 405-935-8000…
Presentation Overview Goal Planning Data Measuring Validating Properties Needed in Modeling Designing the Hydraulic Fracture Frac Models in Vertically Heterogeneous Formations Execution 3
CHKs Operating Areas Low-risk, U.S. onshore asset base; Not exposed to economic, geopolitical or technological risks internationally or in the Gulf of Mexico 4
Shale Information Shale Play Fayetteville Barnett Eagle Ford Haynesville Marcellus Average Depth From 4,500 7,400 9,000 11,500 7,100 Surface (ft) Bottom Hole 130 190 260 320 145 Temperature (F) Bottom Hole 2,000 2,900 6,200…
What is the Goal of Hydraulic Fracturing Maximize the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) along the horizontal wellbore for a given well spacing to maximize hydrocarbon production within the zone of interest. Orientation and lateral…
Planning 7
What data do we use What are the main variables that need to be factored into each frac design Porosity and Permeability Maximum Principle Stress Direction Lateral Length Lithology of Pay Brittleness vs. Ductility Youngs Modulus…
Wireline Log Data Logs are run in regionally representative pilot wells over the zone(s) of interest. Triple Combo Log, Spectral Gamma Ray, Dipole Sonic Log, Formation MicroImager The data gathered from the logs is utilized to do a…
Lateral Orientation Maximum Principle Stress Direction Perpendicular to maximum principle stress Optimize transverse fracturing Slight variations for more efficient pattern development Lateral Placement 10
Lateral Placement Well: PROCKO_MARTIN_WHITMAN_625599 COMPANY: CHK Composite DATUM FOR ELEVATION: GR LOCATION: TWP - Range - Sec SURFACE ELEVATION: 15.00 LATITUDE: 39.0000 MEASUREMENT REF.: LONGITUDE: 80.0000 ELEVATION MEAS. REF.:…
Mechanical Properties and Stress Estimation from Acoustic Logs Elastic Moduli Estimated from Acoustic Logs Several Stress Equations are Appropriate Uniaxial Transverse Isotropic Equation (Lateral Strain Model): Hmin =…
Pump-In Testing: Key Calibration Pump-In Tests Conventional Pump-In Tests in Cased Hole Closure Stress is Determined After Closure Analysis MDT Pump-In Tests in Open Hole Closure Stress is Determined Core Data The pump-in tests…
Fracture Model Mechanical Properties Petrophysics processes the Dipole Sonic log for rock mechanical properties and that data is utilized in the frac model. 14
Fracture Model Fluid Flow and Leakoff The fluid loss data input into the model. 15
Fracture Model Methodology The actual deviation survey for the well that is being modeled, as well as the planned perforations for the well, are entered. A pump schedule is entered into the fracture model. Numerous iterations with…
Example Frac Model Results As depicted in the model, the fracture propogates primarily only in the lower stress portion of the rock. The lower stress portion of the reservoir contains the frac High stress barriers exist above…
Example Frac Model Results Fracture is contained by lower stress interval and high stress barriers above and below the lower stress interval. Variable stress throughout section, matching lithology changes Greater height growth…
Perforation Clusters and Stage Spacing 50 100 Cluster Spacing 250 500 Stage Spacing Not To Scale 19
Fluid Selection Utilize core data and lab fluid-rock sensitivity testing to determine fluid additives Maximize slickwater volumes vs. gelled fluid volumes Utilize light gels/crosslink to place higher sand concentrations where…
Green Frac Status Chemical Additives Additive Barnett Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Eagle Ford Friction Reducer GF* Test GF Test GF Test GF Test GF Test Biocide GF Test GF Test GF Test GF Test GF Test KCl Substitute Eliminated…
Proppant Selection 100 mesh sand is typically used in the early portion of the job for enhanced distance and height, diversion, etching, and as a propping agent 40/70 and 40/80 mesh proppants are currently the predominant proppants…
Execution 23
Hydraulically Fracturing the Shale Typical Hydraulic Fracturing Job: 10-20 Pumps 2-4 Sand Storage Units Blender Hydration Unit Frac Tanks Chemical Storage Truck Data Monitoring Van 20-30 Workers 24
Hydraulically Fracturing the Shale 6 layers of protection between the wellbore and groundwater aquifers during hydraulic fracturing operations. Horizontal shale wells are hydraulically fractured at depths that typically…
Summary Planning and executing an optimum hydraulic fracture requires a multidisciplinary approach of gathering data, confirming data, modeling the optimum fracture and well performance, and executing a plan based on those models.…
Summary Extensive data collection results in hydraulic fracturing jobs that are designed to remain in the proper formation Remaining in the zone of interest maximizes production and minimizes opportunities to negatively impact…
Thank You Questions Tim Beard Sr. Engineering Advisor - Completions Chesapeake Energy Corporation 6100 N. Western Avenue Oklahoma City, OK 76118 405-935-8000 AskChesapeakechk.com chk.com NYSE: CHK 28
pilot holes are all that are necessary to determine the principle stress directions for a given region within a play development area. Shale wells are typically drilled perpendicular to maximum principle stress (Figure 3). Drilling a well…
formation dip allows for this approach. This toe up drilling practice promotes less liquid hold- up or build-up across the lateral. Data Gathering Once the lateral is drilled, the planning of the actual hydraulic fracturing takes into…
This equation recognizes that shales are anisotropic. With lower h in organic rich shales and greater Eh, the difference in Hmin between shale and sandstone/limestone decreases and often reverses. This leads to a minimum stress in shales…
Figure 4 The model below (Figure 5) also shows a fracture that is contained by a lower stress interval with higher stress intervals above and beneath. It can be seen that the fracture half length is 800 and the fracture height is 250. A…
Perforation Clusters and Stage Spacing The number of perforation clusters per stage and the spacing of the clusters are area and shale specific. In the majority of shale plays the perforation clusters are 50-100 apart. This spacing of…
fracturing operations. A primary goal was to eliminate any additive that was not absolutely critical to successful completion and operation of our wells. For those deemed critical, materials have been selected that pose lower risk to…
Failure to appropriately design a given hydraulic fracture treatment can result in a sub- optimal to poor well stimulation and lower production potential, risking the millions of dollars invested in the well up to the point of…
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